Mr. Bouyer

Day 1 | Day 2 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Vocabulary Test | Matter WebQuiz

Classification Physical property Chemical property Element Atom	Compound Molecule Mixture Heterogeneous	Homogeneous Solution Solvent Solute Concentration

What phase of water is most common on Earth?

Why do we classify things?

• Classification helps us organize things.
• Classification makes study easier.

What is classification based on?

• Most classification systems are based on some visible characteristic.
• Matter can be classified using physical characteristics like color, size, and shape.
• One good use of classification is to take a large group of things and break it into smaller groups based on traits. Our emphasis will be on the classification of matter. We have an idea of what matter is and we know that there are many different traits of matter. There is really no "correct" way to group matter. But a system does exist for the classification of matter.

Matter has both physical and chemical characteristics. Any characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the substances that make up the material is a physical property. Any characteristic that describes how one material interacts with another material is a chemical property.

Test Your Concept Understanding: List at least two physical properties of matter. List at least two chemical properties of matter. Classification is common around your home. Describe four classification systems you use at home.

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Day 2

What is the solvent in air?

Science Technician

Four groups based on the makeup of matter:

1. Elements are the simplest pure substances. An element cannot be changed into simpler substances by any chemical process. Elements are made up of atoms.
   All elements listed alphabetically

2. Compounds are pure substances made up of more than one element. Atoms of the elements in a compound are chemically bonded together to form molecules. Molecules are changed during chemical reactions.

3. Mixtures consists of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined. Substances in mixtures can be separated by physical means.
   Lab #1 & #2
   Properties of Mixtures:
   • Each substance retains all its own chemical properties.
   • The substances can be present in any amount.
   • The substances in a mixture can be separated by simple physical means.

   Types of mixtures:

   • Heterogeneous - not identical throughout - not mixed well.
   • Homogeneous - identical propertics throughout - well mixed.

4. Solutions are special mixtures formed when one substance dissolves in another.
   Parts of a solution:
   • Solvent - the most abundant substance in the solution.
   • Solute - the least abundant substance in the solution.
   • Solution concentration: a comparison of the amount of solute dissolved in an amount of solvent. One way is to express concentration is by using percentage of mass. For example, a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide contains 5g sodium hydroxide in each 100g of solution.

   • Solutions have two main traits:
     1. Particles are too small to see.
     2. Particles are evenly distributed.

   • All solutions are not liquids
     1. Air is a solution of gases.
     2. Steel is a solution of metals.

In-class Assignment 052:
This assignment must be turned in by the end of class today to receive credit.
Scoring criteria

1. What is the solvent in steel?
2. Calculate the number of grams of NaOH in 250g of a 10% NaOH solution.

As a group (your table), ask your science facilitator for material to do the following in class: Place 10g of crushed calcium carbonate, 20g of fine sand, and 30g of small, clean pebbles in a plastic cup. Add 5g of water to the cup and stir thoroughly. Allow the combined materials to dry overnight. Remove the dry material from the cup. What is this material normally called. Which of the 4 groups of matter does it belong to?

Physical Science

Most of the water on Earth is in the liquid phase.
While oceans obviously come to mind, there are huge amounts of liquid water under ground. Much of this water is found in underground rivers known as "aquifers".

Nitrogen is the solvent in air.
Air is about 80% nitrogen. By definition, the most abundant substance in a solution is the solvent.