Mr. Bouyer
Day 1 | Day 2 - 4 | Lab | Vocabulary Test|

Heat Heat transfer Conduction Convection Radiation	Temperature Thermometer Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit	Absolute zero calorie kilocalorie Specific heat Wind chill

Heat: the motion of the particles of matter.

What substance has the highest specific heat?

Heat Transfer: Heat flows from an area of high heat to an area low in heat.

Three methods of heat transfer:
Conduction:
Transfer from one substance to another by direct contact of molecules.
Example: When you touch a hot stove.
Convection:
Heat carried from one place to another in a liquid or gas as molecules move in currents caused by density differences.
Example: Warm air rising.
Radiation:
Heat carried through empty space in the form of infrared rays.
Example: When you face the sun and feel warmth on your face.

Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.

The faster molecules are moving, on average, the higher the temperature.
Thermometer an instrument for measuring temperature.
Temperature Scales:
Celsius -
• Most common scale world wide - Used in all scientific measurements.
• Freezing point of water is 0^o C.
• Boiling point of water is 100^o C.
Kelvin -
• An "absolute" scale used for kinetic theory calculations.
• Zero on this scale, 0 K, is the lowest possible temperature.
• Note the way the temperature is written, 0 K. This is read as "zero kelvins", without using the word degrees.
• To convert Celsius degrees to kelvins, add 273 to the Celsius temperature.
Fahrenheit -
• The temperature scale generally used in the United States.
• Freezing point of water is 32 ^oF.
• Boiling point of water is 212 ^oF.
• While converting between ^oC and ^oF is not stressed in this class, a "ball park" conversion would be ^oC = (^oF - 30) / 2. While this gives a Celsius temperature that is a little low, it is a quick way to compare the two scales.

Absolute Zero The lowest possible temperature.

Calorie: The unit of heat.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 ^oC.
A food calorie is 1000 calories, or a Kilocalorie.

Specific Heat: The ability of a substance to absorb heat.

The number of calories needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance 1 C^o.
The units of Specific Heat are - calories per gram Celsius degree.
Heat gained or lost = (mass) (change in temperature) (specific heat)

Test Your Concept Understanding: Why is there no such thing as cold? What is the temperature for the freezing point of water in: Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 cm3 of water 1 Co? The density of air is approximately 1220 g/m3. The Frontier High School science room is approximately 10m by 13m by 3m. The specific heat of air is 0.25 cal/g . Co. How many Kilocalories of heat energy are needed to raise the temperature in the room from 15 oC to 20 oC? Use the "ball park" conversion on this page to determine the Celsius temperature for normal human body temperature. The Earth receives energy from the Sun. How long does it take energy from the Sun to reach Earth? What is the temperature (with units) of the "surface" of the Sun? What form of energy from the Sun is harmful to humans?

Day 2 - 4

What happens to molecules at "absolute zero"?

Engineering Technician

In-class Assignment 284: This assignment must be turned in by the end of class day after tomorrow to receive credit. Use this research paper planning guide to write a paper explaining why absolute zero can never be achieved. Be sure to keep these scoring criteria in mind as you write the paper.

Research Links:

• About Temperature - UCAR Unidata Program Center
• Absolute Zero - University of London, Low Temperature Physics Research Group
• Low Temperature Physics - Helsinki University

Of all known substances, liquid water has the greatest ability to absorb heat. This means that liquid water has the highest specific heat.
Liquid water is assigned a specific heat of 1. All other substances have a specific heat less than 1.

All molecular motions stops at absolute zero.