Mr. Bouyer

Day 1 | Day 2 - 3 | Lab | Vocabulary Test | Science Methods WebQuiz

Measurement Standard SI Meter Liter	Gram Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit Mega	Kilo Centi Milli Base units Derived units

An introduction to measurement.

Why do we need a measurement system? When experiments are performed there are almost always some observations where questions like "how fast", "how far", or "how much" must be answered. The only way to answer these questions is through measuring. Because of this, numbers in science will always have "units". These units are just as important as the numbers when communicating observations. Never write a number without its units.

A "standard" is something that is used as a comparison for measuring.

Two things are important for any standard:

1. The standard must be available for everyone to use when checking measurements. This means a standard should be something in nature that is the same all over the earth.
2. The standard must never vary.

The English System of Measurement is commonly used as the day to day system in the United States. Since we are familiar with this system, we know about pounds, feet, and gallons. But what are the standards for these units? Because there are no standards in nature for these units, the rest of the world has moved to another measurement system.

It might be alright to use the English System when communicating with others in the United States, but what about communicating with the rest of the world? Scientific discoveries are made all over the world. It is important that observations made in one country can be verified by someone in another country. For this reason, science observations must be measured using standards that are available around the world.

The International System of Measurement - SI is commonly called the metric system in the United States. Each of the units within this system has an unchanging standard found in nature all over the earth. All science measurements are made using this system.

Know these SI units:

Meter - unit of length
Kilogram - unit of mass
Liter - unit of volume
Celsius degrees - unit of temperature

temperature scales
Second - unit of time

Know these SI prefixes: Mega - 1 000 000 Kilo - 1 000 Centi - 0.01 Milli - 0.001

Unit Conversion Calculator

Careers with the ATF

Some of the common SI unit relationships used in science classes: 1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter (dm3) 1 cubic centimeter (cm3) = 1 milliliter (ml)

Derived units are combinations of basic units. You can see that the volume units above are combinations of length units. This makes volume a derived unit. Density is another derived unit that will be used in this class. Density is found by dividing mass by volume and is usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter.

Using the Metric System is difficult only because:

You have grown up using the English System.
When you use the Metric System, your mind is comparing it to the English System.

An approximate comparison of the two systems:

Did you use the Lab Key last week? As the labs become more difficult, the Keys will become more important to your success. The Lab Keys are here to help, but you must use them to plan what you will do in the lab before you come to class on lab day.

Homework Assignment 021:
This assignment must be turned in by the beginning of class tomorrow to receive credit.
Scoring criteria

1. Over 4000 years ago in Babylon the units of measurement were quite different. Use the website at the top of this page top answer these questions about their measurement units:
   1. The smallest unit of length was the finger. How many inches was a finger?
   2. How many miles was a league?
   3. How many ounces was a shekel?
   4. How many pounds was a talent?
   5. The International System of Measurement is based on the number 10. What number was the Babylonian ystem based on?
   6. The Roman number system came later. What number was not found in the Roman system?
2. Use the "tip" above to answer these questions.
   1. It is about 15 miles to Ponca. How far is that in kilometers?
   2. What is the mass of a five pound bag of sugar in kilograms?
   3. A distance is measured as 3,000 feet. What is that in kilometers?
   4. A football field is 100 yards long. How many meters is that?
   5. How many liters are in one gallon?
3. What is absolute zero?
4. What is the freezing point of water on the Kelvin scale?
5. How many grams are in one kilogram?
6. How many centiliters are in one liter?
7. What is the standard for the SI meter?

Day 2 - 3

What is a "first person statement"?

To "do" science, one must be able to find, evaluate, and use information. Your ability to be a good "scientist" depends on your ability to think about the facts and find ways to apply them. No one can tell you what to think. It's up to you! During your years of school so far you have learned lots of facts. Some of those facts are basic and unchanging, but many of the things you know about the world are incomplete. High School students are expected to use more complex facts than middle school students. When you go to college, you will be expected to use more complex facts than a high school student. To make a grade of "A" in physical science class, you must add to the complexity of the facts you use. To demonstrate your understanding of what you learn this year, you will be asked to put things into your own words, not just copy down information.

As this year progresses, you will be asked to do more and more complex research. Learn to use all the resources that are available to you. In addition to the information on each concept page, your textbook should always be considered. This site has links to most of the Internet resources you will need. There are times when a link will be given to you with an assignment. Most concept pages have other links at the bottom of the page that can be useful.

Think of yourself as a detective. The facts are out there - it's up to you to find them and use them to solve problems. Good detectives find all the facts, but it takes a great detective to put those facts together to solve the tough problems.

In-class Assignment 023:
This assignment must be turned in by the end of class tomorrow to receive credit.

1. There are several ways to record and apply your research. One of those is to write an essay explaining your research and your ideas about it. Here is a page that gives you information about science essays.
2. Use this essay planning guide for your first science essay.
3. Before beginning your essay, study this essay evaluation rubric. The rubric tells you how to make a good score.
4. After writing the essay, complete the self-evaluation portion of the rubric.
   • If any weeknesses in your essay are identified by the rubric, fix them before turning in the assignment.

   Turn in both the essay and the evaluation rubric to your science facilitator.
   Always staple rubrics on top of assignments.

Research Links:

• A Question of Scale - A study on the effect of adding another zero
• Using the International System of Units - National Institute of Standards and Technology
• U.S. Metric Association - A national non-profit organization, founded in 1916

Physical Science

There are 1000 grams in a kilogram.
The prefix "kilo" means 1000. This prefix is one of several that everyone must know.

A "first person statement" directly refers to the person making a statement. It includes words like I, my, and we.
First person statements should never be used when you write paragraphs, essays, and scientific papers.